Computer Ethics and Security

Rules of Netiquette

Rule 1: Remember the human

Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life

Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace

Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth

Rule 5: Make yourself look good online

Rule 6: Share expert knowledge

Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control

Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy

Rule 9: Don't abuse your power

Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes

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Areas of computer coverage

Information accuracy

do not assume all the information on the web is correct

users should evaluate the value of a web page before relying on its content.

be aware that the organization providing access to the information may not be the creator of the information.

Green computing

Green computing is the environmentally responsible and eco-friendly use of computer and their resources.

involves reducing the electricity and environmental waste while using a computer.

society has become aware of this waste and is taking measures to combat it.

Codes of conduct

written guideline that helps determine whether a specific action is ethical/unethical or allowed/not allowed.

Information privacy

The right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection, use, and dissemination of information about them.

the privacy of personal information and usually relates to personal data stores on computer system.

the need to maintain information privacy is applicable to collectes personal information such as medical records, financial data, criminal records, political records, business related information or website data.

Intellectual property

unique and original works such as ideas, inventions, literary and artistic works, processes, names and logos.

•  PATENT.

                                           

A set of exclusive rights granted by a government to an inventor or applicant for a limited amount of time

• TRADEMARK

           

 A word,phrase,symbol,design,combination of letters or numbers or other device that identifies and distinguishes products and services in the marketplace.

• COPYRIGHT 

     

                             

Protection provided to the authors of original works and includes such things as literary,dramatic,musical.artistic and certain other intellectual creations,both published and unpublished

Internet service

Internet service
Types of internet service

1.WORLD WIDE WEB

• Consist of a world wide web collection of electronic documents.
• Web page usually have built-in connections to other documents.
• A web page is a collection of related web pages and associated items, such as documents and pictures,stored on a Web Server.
• Web 2.0 refer to web sites that provide a means for user to share personal information, allow users to modify web sites content and have application software built ino the site for visitors to use. 

2.E-MAIL

• Transmission of messages and files via a computer network
• An e-mail adress is a unique name that consist of a user name and domain name that identifies the user.
• User name must be different from the other user names in the same domain.

3.INSTANT MESSANGING

  

• A real-time internet communication service that notifies you when one or more people are online and allows you to exchange message or files or join a private chat room with them.
• Real time means that you and the people with whom you are conversing are online at the same time.
• Some IM service support voice and video conversation.

4.MESSAGE BOARD

• Message board is type of discussion group.
• A general term for any online "bulletin board" where you can leave and expect to see responses to message you have left.
• A popular Web-based type of discussion group that does not require a news reader.

5.VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL (VoIP)

• VoIP is a technology for making telephone calls over the internet in which speech sounds and converted into binary data.
• Also called Internet Telephony
• VoIP service are also available on some mobile services that have wireless Internet service

6.FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)

• FTP is one method, users have to transfer webpages files from their lacal machine to the server.
• An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload or download file using FTP.
• Some example of FTP programs are Smarter FTP and Internet Explorer.

Web Searching

WEB SEARCHING

A primary reason that people use the Web is to search for specific infirmation, including text, pictures, music and video


Types of search tools

Search engine (keyword search)	Subject directory (directory search)
Finds information related to a specific topics	Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories

Search engine

• a program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found.
• requires the user to enter a word or phrase, called search text or search query.
• each word of the search text is known as keyword.

Subject directory

• Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories such as sport or shopping and related subcategories. 

• Examples of search tools:

1. AltaVista,

        2. Yahoo!,

        3. Google, 

        4. Excite

• A subject directory provides categorized lists of links arranged by subject 

• When click on the category link, the subject directory displays a list of subcategory links

• The disadvantage – users have difficulty deciding which categories to choose as the menus of links presented

https://www.google.com/search?q=subject+directory+example&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIv-ewxOTZAhUJTbwKHSPHBm0QsAQIwAE&biw=1366&bih=662#imgrc=2A95QdwDOQtFRM:

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES EXTRANET

advantages and disadvantages of extranet

ADVANTAGES	DISADVANTAGES
Exchange large volume of data using electronic data interchange.	Security of extranrts can be a concern when hosting valuable or propriety information.
Share product catalogs exclusively with trade.	Extranet can be expensive to implement and maintain within an organization.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTANGES OF INTRANET

Advantanges and Disadvantages of Intranet

ADVANTAGES	DISADVANTAGES
Commercial or confidential data is kept secure within the organization.	High financial cost incurred by the company when initially implementing the internet.
Email remain private and may also be encrypted.	Connections between an intranet and internet potentially compromises security, by alloeing virus infection or system hacking .
High bandwidth. No connection limits unlike the internet.	Staff needs training to ensure workers know how to use the system effectively.
Reliable. The company will have dedicated IT personal to keep things running smoothly.	Information overload is another disadvantage because it reduce productivity.

Difference between LAN, MAN and WAN

CRITERIA	LAN	MAN	WAN
NETWORK SIZE	Small size (in a building)	Larger size (in a cities or campus)	Largest size (different states)
SPEED	Fastest in data transferring and acess time	slower in data transferring and access time	slowest in data transferring and access time
COST	Less costly setup and maintenance	More costly setup and maintenance	coastliest setup and maintenance
COMMUNICATION DEVICE	Connected using modems, hubs, swirch, router	connected using modem, hubs,switch,router	The connection is made via satellite communication link or via internet

NETWORK TOPOLOGY

NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements of a communication network.

Network topology is the topological structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. Physical topology is the placement of the various components of a network, including device location and cable installation, while logical topology illustrates how data flows within a network. Distances between nodes, physical interconnections, transmission rates or signal types may differ between two networks, yet their topologies may be identical.

An example is a local area network (LAN). Any given node in the LAN has one or more physical links to other devices in the network; graphically mapping these links results in a geometric shape that can be used to describe the physical topology of the network. Conversely, mapping the data flow between the components determines the logical topology of the network.

Two basic categories of network topologies exist, physical topologies and logical topologies.

The cabling layout used to link devices is the physical topology of the network. This refers to the layout of cabling, the locations of nodes, and the links between the nodes and the cabling. The physical topology of a network is determined by the capabilities of the network access devices and media, the level of control or fault tolerance desired, and the cost associated with cabling or telecommunications circuits.